Associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with mental health among university students: the mediating role of cardiorespiratory fitness and moderating role of gender | BMC Public Health
Brundtland GH. From the world health organization. Mental health: new understanding, new hope. JAMA. 2001;286(19):2391.
Google Scholar
Hunt J, Eisenberg D. Mental health problems and help-seeking behavior among college students. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(1):3–10.
Google Scholar
Sheldon E, Simmonds-Buckley M, Bone C, Mascarenhas T, Chan N, Wincott M, Gleeson H, Sow K, Hind D, Barkham M. Prevalence and risk factors for mental health problems in university undergraduate students: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2021;287:282–92.
Google Scholar
Ibrahim AK, Kelly SJ, Adams CE, Glazebrook C. A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(3):391–400.
Google Scholar
Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the united states: interview survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(9):e21279.
Google Scholar
Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, Zheng J. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287: 112934.
Google Scholar
Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126–131.
Google Scholar
Singh B, Olds T, Curtis R, Dumuid D, Virgara R, Watson A, Szeto K, O’Connor E, Ferguson T, Eglitis E, Miatke A, Simpson CE, Maher C. Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(18):1203–9.
Google Scholar
Arvidson E, Dahlman AS, Börjesson M, Gullstrand L, Jonsdottir IH. The effects of exercise training on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity and autonomic response to acute stress-a randomized controlled study. Trials. 2020;21(1):888.
Google Scholar
Teuber M, Leyhr D, Sudeck G. Physical activity improves stress load, recovery, and academic performance-related parameters among university students: a longitudinal study on daily level. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):598.
Google Scholar
Fong Yan A, Nicholson LL, Ward RE, Hiller CE, Dovey K, Parker HM, Low LF, Moyle G, Chan C. The effectiveness of dance interventions on psychological and cognitive health outcomes compared with other forms of physical activity: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2024;54(5):1179–205.
Google Scholar
Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary behavior research net work (SBRN)—Terminology consensus project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14(1):75.
Google Scholar
Hoare E, Milton K, Foster C, Allender S. The associations between sedentary behaviour and mental health among adolescents: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):108.
Google Scholar
de Rezende LF, Rodrigues Lopes M, Rey-López JP, Matsudo VK, Luiz Odo C. Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105620.
Google Scholar
Zhai L, Zhang Y, Zhang D. Sedentary behaviour and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(11):705–9.
Google Scholar
Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977;196(4286):129–36.
Google Scholar
Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, Kelly P, Smith J, Raine L, Biddle S. Physical activity for cognitive and mental health in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20161642.
Google Scholar
Hallal PC, Lee IM. Prescription of physical activity: an undervalued intervention. Lancet. 2013;381:356–7.
Google Scholar
Neufer PD, Bamman MM, Muoio DM, Bouchard C, Cooper DM, Goodpaster BH, Booth FW, Kohrt WM, Gerszten RE, Mattson MP, Hepple RT, Kraus WE, Reid MB, Bodine SC, Jakicic JM, Fleg JL, Williams JP, Joseph L, Evans M, Maruvada P, Rodgers M, Roary M, Boyce AT, Drugan JK, Koenig JI, Ingraham RH, Krotoski D, Garcia-Cazarin M, McGowan JA, Laughlin MR. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of physical activity-induced health benefits. Cell Metab. 2015;22:4–11.
Google Scholar
Franklin BA, Wedig IJ, Sallis RE, Lavie CJ, Elmer SJ. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as modulators of health outcomes: a compelling research based case presented to the medical community. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98:316–31.
Google Scholar
Isath A, Koziol KJ, Martinez MW, Garber CE, Martinez MN, Emery MS, Baggish AL, Naidu SS, Lavie CJ, Arena R, Krittanawong C. Exercise and cardiovascular health: a state-of-the-art review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;79:44–52.
Google Scholar
Hills AP, Jayasinghe S, Arena R, Byrne NM. Global status of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity – Are we improving or getting worse? Prog cardiovasc dis. 2024 Mar-Apr;83: 16–22.
Lee DC, Sui X, Ortega FB, Kim YS, Church TS, Winett RA, Ekelund U, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN. Comparisons of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as predictors of all-cause mortality in men and women. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:504–10.
Google Scholar
Lavie CJ, Ozemek C, Carbone S, Katzmarzyk PT, Blair SN. Sedentary behavior, exercise, and cardiovascular health. Circ Res. 2019;124(5):799–815.
Google Scholar
Ji H, Gulati M, Huang TY, Kwan AC, Ouyang D, Ebinger JE, Casaletto K, Moreau KL, Skali H, Cheng S. Sex differences in association of physical activity with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83(8):783–93.
Google Scholar
Laurent CM, Vervaecke LS, Kutz MR, Green JM. Sex-specific responses to self-paced, high-intensity interval training with variable recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res. 2014;28(4):920–7.
Google Scholar
Wheatley CM, Snyder EM, Johnson BD, Olson TP. Sex differences in cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise in humans. Springerplus. 2014;3:445.
Google Scholar
Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. J Phys Act Health. 2009;6(6):790–804.
Google Scholar
Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav Res Ther. 1995;33(3):335–43.
Google Scholar
Chen B, Wang W, Yang S. The impact of family functioning on depression in college students: a moderated mediation model. J Affect Disord. 2023;340:448–55.
Google Scholar
Rebar AL, Stanton R, Geard D, Short C, Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C. A meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations. Health Psychol Rev. 2015;9(3):366–78.
Google Scholar
Rahman MS, Helgadóttir B, Hallgren M, Forsell Y, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Ekblom Ö. Cardiorespiratory fitness and response to exercise treatment in depression. BJPsych Open. 2018;4(5):346–51.
Google Scholar
Papasavvas T, Bonow RO, Alhashemi M, Micklewright D. Depression symptom severity and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy and depressed adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2016;46(2):219–30.
Google Scholar
Snell PG, Mitchell JH. The role of maximal oxygen uptake in exercise performance. Clin Chest Med. 1984;5(1):51–62.
Google Scholar
Bassett DR Jr, Howley ET. Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(1):70–84.
Google Scholar
Heijnen S, Hommel B, Kibele A, Colzato LS. Neuromodulation of aerobic exercise-a review. Front Psychol. 2016;6:1890.
Google Scholar
Meeusen R, De Meirleir K. Exercise and brain neurotransmission. Sports Med. 1995;20(3):160–88.
Google Scholar
Zoladz JA, Pilc A. The effect of physical activity on the brain derived neurotrophic factor: from animal to human studies. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;61(5):533–41.
Google Scholar
Haider S, Khaliq S, Ahmed SP, Haleem DJ. Long-term tryptophan administration enhances cognitive performance and increases 5HT metabolism in the hippocampus of female rats. Amino Acids. 2006;31(4):421–5.
Google Scholar
Harmer CJ. Serotonin and emotional processing: does it help explain antidepressant drug action? Neuropharmacology. 2008;55(6):1023–8.
Google Scholar
Patrick RP, Ames BN. Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part II: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior. FASEB J. 2015;29(6):2207–22.
Google Scholar
Klein MO, Battagello DS, Cardoso AR, Hauser DN, Bittencourt JC, Correa RG. Dopamine: functions, signaling, and association with neurological diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2019;39(1):31–59.
Google Scholar
de Sousa Fernandes MS, Ordônio TF, Santos GCJ, Santos LER, Calazans CT, Gomes DA, Santos TM. Effects of physical exercise on neuroplasticity and brain function: A systematic review in human and animal studies. Neural Plast. 2020;2020:8856621.
Google Scholar
Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Sanchis-Gomar F. Updated overview on interplay between physical exercise, neurotrophins, and cognitive function in humans. J Sport Health Sci. 2020;9(1):74–81.
Google Scholar
Lavebratt C, Herring MP, Liu JJ, Wei YB, Bossoli D, Hallgren M, Forsell Y. Interleukin-6 and depressive symptom severity in response to physical exercise. Psychiatry Res. 2017;252:270–6.
Google Scholar
Levine BD. VO2max: what do we know, and what do we still need to know? J Physiol. 2008;586(1):25–34.
Google Scholar
Scarpellino G, Brunetti V, Berra-Romani R, De Sarro G, Guerra G, Soda T, Moccia F. The unexpected role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase at the neurovascular unit: beyond the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(16): 9071.
Google Scholar
Raghuveer G, Hartz J, Lubans DR, Takken T, Wiltz JL, Mietus-Snyder M, Perak AM, Baker-Smith C, Pietris N, Edwards NM, American heart association young hearts athero, hypertension and obesity in the young committee of the Council on lifelong congenital heart disease and heart health in the young. Cardiorespiratory fitness in youth: an important marker of health: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;142(7):e101-18.
Google Scholar
Gahche J, Fakhouri T, Carroll DD, Burt VL, Wang CY, Fulton JE. Cardiorespiratory fitness levels among U.S. Youth aged 12–15 years: united states, 1999–2004 and 2012. NCHS Data Brief. 2014;(153):1–8.
Murias JM, Kowalchuk JM, Paterson DH. Time course and mechanisms of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness with endurance training in older and young men. J Appl Physiol. 2010;108(3):621–7.
Google Scholar
van Uffelen JG, van Gellecum YR, Burton NW, Peeters G, Heesch KC, Brown WJ. Sitting-time, physical activity, and depressive symptoms in mid-aged women. Am J Prev Med. 2013;45(3):276–81.
Google Scholar
Huang Y, Li L, Gan Y, Wang C, Jiang H, Cao S, Lu Z. Sedentary behaviors and risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):26.
Google Scholar
Endrighi R, Steptoe A, Hamer M. The effect of experimentally induced sedentariness on mood and psychobiological responses to mental stress. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208(3):245–51.
Google Scholar
Henson J, Yates T, Biddle SJ, Edwardson CL, Khunti K, Wilmot EG, Gray LJ, Gorely T, Nimmo MA, Davies MJ. Associations of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with markers of cardiometabolic health. Diabetologia. 2013;56(5):1012–20.
Google Scholar
Wang K, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang T, Luo J. Relationship between different levels of internet use and depressive tendencies in Chinese college students: the chain mediating effect based on physical activity and social adaptability. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):670.
Google Scholar
Edwards MK, Loprinzi PD. Experimentally increasing sedentary behavior results in increased anxiety in an active young adult population. J Affect Disord. 2016;204:166–73.
Google Scholar
Gielen S, Schuler G, Adams V. Cardiovascular effects of exercise training: molecular mechanisms. Circulation. 2010;122(12):1221–38.
Google Scholar
Pluim BM, Zwinderman AH, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. The athlete’s heart: a meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation. 2000;101:336–44.
Google Scholar
Kemi OJ, Haram PM, Loennechen JP, Osnes JB, Skomedal T, Wisløff U, Ellingsen Ø. Moderate vs. high exercise intensity: differential effects on aerobic fitness, cardiomyocyte contractility, and endothelial function. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;67(1):161–72.
Google Scholar
Hyde JS, Mezulis AH. Gender differences in depression: biological, affective, cognitive, and sociocultural factors. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2020;28(1):4–13.
Google Scholar
Colillas-Malet E, Prat G, Espelt A, Juvinyà D. Gender differences in health-related quality of life in people with severe mental illness. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0229236.
Google Scholar
Dahlin J, Härkönen J. Cross-national differences in the gender gap in subjective health in Europe: does country-level gender equality matter? Soc Sci Med. 2013;98:24–8.
Google Scholar
link
