Internalized oppression and deaf people’s mental health

Bauman, H-D-L. & Murray, J. J. Deaf gain: an introduction. In Deaf Gain: Raising the Stakes for Human Diversity (eds Bauman, H-D-L. & Murray, J. J.) xv–xiii (University of Minnesota Press, 2014).
Hauser, P. C., O’Hearn, A., McKee, M., Steider, A. & Thew, D. Deaf epistemology: deafhood and deafness. Am. Ann. Deaf. 154, 486–492 (2010).
Google Scholar
Lane, H. Do Deaf people have a disability? In Open Your Eyes: Deaf Studies Talking (ed Bauman, H-D-L.) 277–292 (University of Minnesota Press, 2008).
Mauldin, L. Made to Hear: Cochlear Implants and Raising Deaf Children (University of Minnesota Press, 2016).
Bauman, H. L., Simser, S. & Hannan, G. Beyond ableism and audism: Achieving human rights for deaf and hard of hearing citizens. (2013).
Campbell, F. K. Contours of Ableism: The Production of Disability and Abledness (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).
Humphries, T. & Audism The making of a world. Unpublished essay. (1975).
Skutnabb-Kangas, T. Language rights. In Handbook of Bilingual and Multilingual Education (eds Wright, W. E. et al.) 185–202 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015).
Akram, B., Nawaz, J., Rafi, Z. & Akram, A. Social exclusion, mental health and suicidal ideation among adults with hearing loss: protective and risk factors. J. Pak Med. Assoc. 68, 388–393 (2018).
Google Scholar
Bogart, K. R. & Dunn, D. S. Ableism special issue introduction. J. Soc. Issues. 75, 650–664 (2019).
Google Scholar
Brown, R. L. & Ciciurkaite, G. Disability, ableism, and mental health. In Research Handbook on Society and Mental Health (ed Elliott, M.) 201–217 (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022).
Marks, A. K., Woolverton, G. A. & García Coll, C. Risk and resilience in minority youth populations. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 16, 151–163 (2020).
Google Scholar
Torres, S. A., Sosa, S. S., Flores Toussaint, R. J., Jolie, S. & Bustos, Y. Systems of oppression: the impact of discrimination on latinx immigrant adolescents’ well-being and development. J. Res. Adolesc. 32, 501–517 (2022).
Google Scholar
Williams, M., Osman, M. & Hyon, C. Understanding the psychological impact of oppression using the trauma symptoms of discrimination scale. Chronic Stress. 7, 1–12. (2023).
Google Scholar
Bell, L. A. Theoretical foundations for social justice education. In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice (eds Adams, M. et al.) 1–14 (Routledge, 2007).
David, E. R. & Derthick, A. O. What is internalized oppression, and so what? In Internalized oppression: The Psychology of Marginalized Groups (ed. David, E J. R.) 1–30 (Springer Publishing Company, 2014).
Hardiman, R., Jackson, B. & Griffin, P. Conceptual foundations for social justice education. In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice (eds Adams, M. e al.) 35–66 (Routledge, 2007).
Tomaszewski, P., Wieczorek, R. & Moroń, E. Audyzm a opresja społeczna [Audism and and social oppression]. In Kultura a zdrowie i niepełnosprawność [Culture, health and disability] (eds. Kowalska, J. et al.) 161–189 (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2018).
David, E. J. R. & Derthick, A. O. The Psychology of Oppression (Springer Publishing Company, 2017).
Lane, H. The Mask of Benevolence. Disabling the Deaf Community (Knopf, 1992).
Hollak, J. & Jagodziński, T. Słownik mimiczny dla głuchoniemych i osób z nimi styczność mających [A mimical dictionary for the deaf-mute and those interacting with them] (Instytut Głuchoniemych i Ociemniałych, 1879).
Tomaszewski, P. & Sak, M. Is it possible to educate deaf children bilingually in Poland? In Zweisprachigkeit und Bilingualer Unterricht [Bilingualism and bilingual education] (eds. Olpińska-Szkiełko, M. & Bertelle, L.) 129–149 (Peter Lang Edition, 2014).
Zajkowska, M. & Swoi Inni, gdy głusi. Praktyki kolonizatorskie wobec głuchych w polsce [Part of us is Polish. Different if deaf. Colonizing practices towards the deaf in Poland]. Prz Hum. 5, 97–106 (2014).
Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych [Internet system of legal acts]. Ustawa z dnia 19 sierpnia 2011 r. o języku migowym i innych środkach komunikowania się [Act of 19 August 2011 on Sign Language and Other Means of Communication]. Accessed 15 Dec (2024).
Tomaszewski, P., Wieczorek, R., Krzysztofiak, P. & Kowalska, J. Percepcja Audyzmu w Polskiej społeczności głuchych [Perception of audism in the Polish deaf community]. Societas/Communitas 2–2, 109–139 (2018).
Crawford, C., Sangermano, L. & Trinh, N-H-T. Oxford University Press,. Minority stress theory and internalized prejudice: Links to clinical psychiatric practice. In Sociocultural Issues in Psychiatry: A Casebook and Curriculum (eds. Trinh, N-H.T. & Chen, J.A.) 103–125 (2019).
Meyer, L. H. Minority stress and mental illness in gay men. J. Health Soc. Behav. 36, 38–56 (1995).
Google Scholar
Paradies, Y. et al. Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 10, e0138511 (2015).
Google Scholar
Alsubaie, M. M., Stain, H. J., Webster, L. A. D. & Wadman, R. The role of sources of social support on depression and quality of life for university students. Int. J. Adolesc. Youth. 24, 484–496 (2019).
Google Scholar
Garthe, K., Dingley, C. E. & Johnson, M. J. A historical and contemporary literature review of rejection sensitivity in marginalized populations. J. Health Dispar. Res. Pract. 13 (2020).
Kim, H., Han, K. & Won, S. Perceived discrimination as a critical factor affecting self-esteem, satisfaction with physical appearance, and depression of racial/ethnic minority adolescents in Korea. Behav. Sci. 13, 343. (2023).
Google Scholar
Gale, M. M. et al. A meta-analysis of the relationship between internalized racial oppression and health-related outcomes. Couns. Psychol. 48, 498–525. (2020).
Google Scholar
Brown, T. N., Sellers, S. L. & Gomez, J. P. The relationship between internalization and self-esteem among black adults. Sociol. Focus. 35, 55–71. (2002).
Google Scholar
Szymanski, D. M. & Gupta, A. Examining the relationship between multiple internalized oppressions and African American lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning persons’ self-esteem and psychological distress. J. Couns. Psychol. 56, 110–118. (2009).
Google Scholar
Sosoo, E. E., Bernard, D. L. & Neblett, E. W. Jr. The influence of internalized racism on the relationship between discrimination and anxiety. Cultur Divers. Ethnic Minor. Psychol. 26, 570–580. (2020).
Google Scholar
Frost, D. M. & Meyer, I. H. Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. J. Couns. Psychol. 56, 97–109. (2009).
Google Scholar
James, D. Internalized racism and past-year major depressive disorder among African-Americans: the role of ethnic identity and self-esteem. J. Racial Ethn. Health Disparities. 4, 659–670. (2017).
Google Scholar
Molina, K. M. & James, D. Discrimination, internalized racism, and depression: a comparative study of African American and Afro-Caribbean adults in the US. GPIR 19, 439–461 (2016).
Mouzon, D. M. & McLean, J. S. Internalized racism and mental health among African-Americans, US-born Caribbean Blacks, and foreign-born Caribbean Blacks. Ethn. Health. 22, 36–48. (2017).
Google Scholar
Pitman, G. E. Body image, compulsory heterosexuality, and internalized homophobia. J. Lesbian Stud. 4, 129–139. (1999).
Google Scholar
Drazdowski, T. K. et al. Structural equation modeling of the effects of racism, LGBTQ discrimination, and internalized oppression on illicit drug use in LGBTQ people of color. Drug Alcohol Depend. 159, 255–262. (2016).
Google Scholar
Hahn, H. Antidiscrimination laws and social research on disability: The minority group perspective. Behav. Sci. Law 14, 41–59. (1996).
Black, P. A. & Glickman, N. S. Demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and other characteristics of north American deaf and hard-of-hearing inpatients. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 11, 303–321. (2006).
Google Scholar
Brown, P. M. & Cornes, A. Mental health of deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents: what the students say. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 20, 75–81. (2015).
Google Scholar
Chapman, M. & Dammeyer, J. The significance of deaf identity for psychological well-being. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 22, 187–194. (2017).
Google Scholar
Fellinger, J., Holzinger, D. & Pollard, R. Q. Mental health of deaf people. Lancet 379, 1037–1044. (2012).
Google Scholar
Kushalnagar, P., Reesman, J., Holcomb, T. & Ryan, C. Prevalence of anxiety or depression in deaf adults. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 24, 378–385. (2019).
Google Scholar
Kvam, M. H., Loeb, M. & Tambs, K. Mental health in deaf adults: symptoms of anxiety and depression among hearing and deaf individuals. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 12, 1–7. (2007).
Google Scholar
Peñacoba, C., Garvi, D., Gómez, L. & Álvarez, A. Psychological well-being, emotional intelligence, and emotional symptoms in deaf adults. Am. Ann. Deaf. 165, 436–452. (2020).
Google Scholar
Sanfacon, K. et al. Cross-sectional analysis of medical conditions in the U.S. deaf transgender community. Transgend Health. 6, 132–138. (2021).
Google Scholar
Werngren-Elgström, M., Dehlin, O. & Iwarsson, S. A Swedish prevalence study of deaf people using sign language: a prerequisite for deaf studies. Disabil. Soc. 18, 311–323. (2003).
Google Scholar
Kobosko, J. Poczucie niepełnosprawności a percepcja siebie i objawy depresji u osób dorosłych z głuchotą postlingwalną korzystających z implantu ślimakowego [Perception of disability, self-perception, and symptoms of depression in adults with postlingual deafness using cochlear implants]. Now Audiofonol. 4, 41–54. (2015).
Google Scholar
Tomaszewski, P. & Krzysztofiak, P. Internalized oppression and deaf mental health – A pilot study. In The International Conference, The Life of a New Word, Audism: Practices, Areas of Knowledge, and Social Change (2019).
Maxwell-McCaw, D. & Zea, M. C. The deaf acculturation scale (DAS): development and validation of a 58-item measure. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 16, 325–342 (2011).
Google Scholar
Łojek, E. & Stańczak, J. Inwentarz Depresji Becka® – Wydanie drugie [Beck Depression Inventory® – Second Edition]. (Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego, 2019).
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A. & Brown, G. K. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Psychological Corporation, 1996).
Spielberger, C. D., Gonzalez-Reigosa, F., Martinez-Urrutia, A., Natalicio, L. F. & Natalicio, D. S. The state-trait anxiety inventory. Int. J. Psychol. 5, 3–44 (1971).
Wrześniewski, K., Sosnowski, T. & Matusik, D. Inwentarz Stanu i Cechy Lęku STAI. Polska Adaptacja STAI [The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI. Polish Adaptation of the STAI] (Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychologicznego, 2002).
Knowles, K. A. & Olatunji, B. O. Specificity of trait anxiety in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis of the state-trait anxiety inventory. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 82, 101928. (2020).
Google Scholar
Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int. J. Med. Educ. 27, 53–55. (2011).
Google Scholar
Lai, K. & Green, S. B. The Problem with having two watches: Assessment of fit when RMSEA and CFI disagree. Multivar. Behav. Res. 51 (2–3), 220–239. (2016).
Google Scholar
Stone, B. M. The ethical use of fit indices in structural equation modeling: recommendations for psychologists. Front. Psychol. 12, 783226. (2021).
Google Scholar
de Sá Junior, A. R. et al. Can gender and age impact on response pattern of depressive symptoms among college students? A differential item functioning analysis. Front. Psychiatry. 10, 50. (2019).
Google Scholar
Estrada, B., Delgado, C. & Beyebach, M. Beck Depression Inventory-II in Spanish sign Language. Int. J. Hisp Psychol. 3, 1–21 (2010).
Estrada, B. Beck Depression Inventory-II in Mexican sign Language: reliability and factorial data. Int. J. Ment Health Deaf. 2, 4–12 (2012).
Google Scholar
Leigh, I. W. & Anthony-Tolbert, S. Reliability of the BDI-II with deaf persons. Rehabil Psychol. 46, 195–202. (2001).
Google Scholar
Mishra, S. K. & Kulshrestha, P. A study of depression, anxiety and quality of life in hearing impaired and hearing population. Disabil. Impair. 34, 15–29 (2020).
Google Scholar
Sanz, J., Perdigón, A. & Vázquez, C. Adaptación española del inventario para la depresión de Beck-II (BDI-II): 2. Propiedades psicométricas en población general. [Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II): psychometric properties in the general population]. Clín Salud. 14, 249–280 (2003).
Cieśla, K., Lewandowska, M. & Skarżyński, H. Health-related quality of life and mental distress in patients with partial deafness: preliminary findings. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 273, 767–776. (2016).
Google Scholar
Palmer, C. G. et al. Deaf genetic testing and psychological well-being in deaf adults. J. Genet. Couns. 22, 492–507. (2013).
Google Scholar
Maletić-Sekulić, I., Petković, S., Dragutinović, N., Veselinović, I. & Jeličić, L. The effects of auditory amplification on subjective assessments of hearing impairment and anxiety in people with presbycusis. Serb Arch. Med. 147, 461–467. (2019).
Google Scholar
Fiske, A., Wetherell, J. L. & Gatz, M. Depression in older adults. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 5, 363–389. (2009).
Google Scholar
Young, A. et al. Introducing the READY study: DHH young people’s well-being and self-determination. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 28, 267–279 (2023).
Google Scholar
Jóhannsdóttir, Á., Egilson, S. Þ. & Haraldsdóttir, F. Implications of internalized ableism for the health and wellbeing of disabled young people. Sociol. Health Illn. 44, 360–376. (2022).
Google Scholar
Mousley, V. L. & Chaudoir, S. R. Deaf stigma: links between stigma and well-being among deaf emerging adults. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 23, 341–350. (2018).
Google Scholar
Humphries, T. et al. Language acquisition for deaf children: reducing the harms of zero tolerance to the use of alternative approaches. Harm Reduct. J. 9, 16. (2012).
Google Scholar
Bar-Haim, Y., Lemy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, J. J. & van IJzendoorn, M. H. Threat-related attentional bias in anxiety and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study. Psychol. Bull. 133, 1–24. (2007).
Google Scholar
Mitte, K. Memory bias for threatening information in anxiety and anxiety disorders: a meta-analytic review. Psychol. Bull. 134, 886–911. (2008).
Google Scholar
Calvo, M. G. & Cano-Vindel, A. The nature of trait anxiety: cognitive and biological vulnerability. Eur. Psychol. 2, 301–312. (1997).
Google Scholar
Willmann, M., Langlet, C., Hainaut, J. P. & Bolmont, B. The time course of autonomic parameters and muscle tension during recovery following a moderate cognitive stressor: dependency on trait anxiety level. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 84, 51–88. (2012).
Google Scholar
Barlow, D. H., Sauer-Zavala, S., Carl, J. R., Bullis, J. R. & Ellard, K. K. The nature, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroticism: back to the future. Clin. Psychol. Sci. 2, 344–365. (2014).
Google Scholar
Avery, S. N., Clauss, J. A. & Blackford, J. U. The human BNST: functional role in anxiety and addiction. Neuropsychopharmacol 41, 126–141. (2016).
Google Scholar
Kühn, S., Schubert, F. & Gallinat, J. Structural correlates of trait anxiety: reduced thickness in medial orbitofrontal cortex accompanied by volume increase in nucleus accumbens. J. Affect. Disord. 134, 315–319. (2011).
Google Scholar
Miskovich, T. A. et al. I. cortical gyrification patterns associated with trait anxiety. PLoS One. 11, e0149434. (2016).
Google Scholar
Bess, F. H. et al. Y. Salivary cortisol profiles of children with hearing loss. Ear Hear. 37, 334–344. (2016).
Google Scholar
Anderson, M. L., Craig, W., Hall, K. S., Ziedonis, D. M. & W. C. & A pilot study of deaf trauma survivors’ experiences: early traumas unique to being deaf in a hearing world. J. Child. Adolesc. Trauma. 9, 353–358. (2016).
Google Scholar
Johnson, P., Cawthon, S., Fink, B., Wendel, E. & Schoffstall, S. Trauma and resilience among deaf individuals. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 23, 317–330. (2018).
Google Scholar
Chandanabhumma, P. P. et al. Examining the differences of perceptions and experience with online health information accessibility between deaf and hearing individuals: a qualitative study. Patient Educ. Couns. 122, 108169. (2024).
Google Scholar
McKee, M. et al. Reframing our health care system for patients with hearing loss. J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 65, 3633–3645. (2022).
Google Scholar
Włodarczak, A. Głuchy pacjent. Wyzwania i potrzeby [The deaf patient: Challenges and Needs]. (Wydawnictwo Psychoskok, 2018).
Clark, M. D. et al. The importance of early sign language acquisition for deaf readers. Read. Writ. Q. 32, 127–151. (2016).
Google Scholar
Dłużniewska, A. Rozumienie tekstów literackich przez uczniów z uszkodzeniami słuchu [Understanding literary texts by students with hearing impairments] (Impuls,2021).
Rogers, K. D. et al. The British sign Language versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire, the generalized anxiety disorder 7-Item Scale, and the work and Social Adjustment Scale. J. Deaf Stud. Deaf Educ. 18, 110–122. (2013).
Google Scholar
Rogers, K. D., Marsden, A., Young, A. & Evans, C. The influence of mode of remote delivery on health-related quality of life outcome measures in British sign Language: a mixed methods pilot randomised crossover trial. Qual. Life Res. 1–11. (2024).
Fisher, R. & Boer, D. What is more important for national well-being: money or autonomy? A meta-analysis of well-being, burnout, and anxiety across 63 societies. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 101, 164–184. (2011).
Google Scholar
10th anniversary of the adoption of Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). ( Accessed 18 Aug 2024).
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and & Medicine Disrupting Ableism and Advancing STEM: Promoting the Success of People with Disabilities in STEM Workforce (National Academies, 2024).
National Science Foundation. Dear colleague letter: the social and behavioral science of bias, prejudice, and discrimination. (Accessed 18 Aug 2024).
National Institutes of Health–National Institute of General Medical Studies. Enhancing the diversity of the NIH-funded workforce. (Accessed 18 Aug 2024).
Biuro Pełnomocnika Rządu do Spraw Osób Niepełnosprawnych [Office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Disabled People]. The government plenipotentiary for disabledpPeople. (Accessed 15 Dec 2024).
Biuro Pełnomocnika Rządu do Spraw Osób Niepełnosprawnych [Office of the Government Plenipotentiary for Disabled People]. Polska Rada Języka Migowego [Polish Board of Sign Language]. (Accessed 15 Dec 2024).
link